Thermal bridges are formed by breaks in the continuity of thermal insulation, resulting in heat loss through the building envelope. These areas can lead to various pathologies that compromise energy efficiency, thermal comfort and the durability of materials. The prevention of pathologies in buildings is important to ensure the well-being of occupants.
Surface Condensation
Surface condensation occurs when warm, moist air comes into contact with cold surfaces, leading to the formation of water droplets on the surface. This process can cause various pathologies in buildings and decrease indoor air quality. It can lead to the formation of mould, mildew and damp spots on walls and ceilings. Humid environments are uncomfortable and can be harmful to your health.
Interstitial Condensation
Interstitial condensation occurs within the wall layers, caused when water vapor penetrates and condensates at lower temperatures. It can deteriorate construction materials such as insulation, wood and metals, and can also cause health problems due to fungal growth.
Loss of Energy Efficiency
Heat transfer through thermal bridges reduces the efficiency of the building’s overall thermal insulation, resulting in increased energy consumption for heating and cooling.
Methods for the prevention of pathologies involve the implementation of improvement measures such as:
- ensuring application of continuous thermal insulation, in order to avoid thermal bridge areas
- improving ventilation methods to reduce indoor humidity
- installation of suitable vapor barriers on the interior faces of walls to prevent moisture absorption
- installation of energy efficient windows
- improving maintenance methods to ensure the integrity of insulation and vapor barriers